Journal
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS
Volume 1, Issue 2, Pages 267-274Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c6se00035e
Keywords
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Funding
- DGIST R&D Programs of the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning of Korea [16-BD-05]
- National Science Foundation [1537196, CBET-1449383]
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Chem, Bioeng, Env, & Transp Sys [1449383] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Civil, Mechanical, & Manufact Inn [1537196] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning, Republic of Korea [16-BD-05] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Low-cost materials, scalable manufacturing, and high power conversion efficiency are critical enablers for large-scale applications of photovoltaic (PV) cells. Cu2ZnSn(S, Se)(4) (CZTSSe) has emerged as a promising PV material due to its low-cost earth-abundant nature and the low toxicity of its constituents. We present a compact and environmentally friendly route for preparing metal sulfide (metals are Cu, Zn, and Sn) nanoparticles (NPs) and optimize their annealing conditions to obtain uniform carbon-free CZTSSe thin films with large grain sizes. Further, the solution-stable binary NP inks synthesized in an aqueous solution with additives are shown to inhibit the formation of secondary phases during annealing. A laboratory-scale PV cell with a Al/AZO/ZnO/CdS/CZTSSe/Mo-glass structure is fabricated without anti-reflective coatings, and a 9.08% efficiency under AM1.5G illumination is demonstrated for the first time. The developed scalable, energy-efficient, and environmentally sustainable NP synthesis approach can enable integration of NP synthesis with emerging large-area deposition and annealing methods for scalable fabrication of CZTSSe PV cells.
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