Journal
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
Volume 12, Issue -, Pages 71-76Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2016.06.007
Keywords
Infrared (IR) thermography; Material extrusion; Fused deposition modeling (FDM); Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)
Funding
- Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] Funding Source: Medline
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In common thermoplastic additive manufacturing (AM) processes, a solid polymer filament is melted, extruded though a rastering nozzle, welded onto neighboring layers and solidified. The temperature of the polymer at each of these stages is the key parameter governing these non-equilibrium processes, but due to its strong spatial and temporal variations, it is difficult to measure accurately. Here we utilize infrared (IR) imaging - in conjunction with necessary reflection corrections and calibration procedures - to measure these temperature profiles of a model polymer during 3D printing. From the temperature profiles of the printed layer (road) and sublayers, the temporal profile of the crucially important weld temperatures can be obtained. Under typical printing conditions, the weld temperature decreases at a rate of approximately 100 degrees C/s and remains above the glass transition temperature for approximately 1 s. These measurement methods are a first step in the development of strategies to control and model the printing processes and in the ability to develop models that correlate critical part strength with material and processing parameters. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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