Journal
SCIENCE ADVANCES
Volume 3, Issue 5, Pages -Publisher
AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602522
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Funding
- Max Planck Society
- NSF, National Robotics Initiative program [NRI-1317477]
- Humboldt Foundation
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Civil, Mechanical, & Manufact Inn [1317477] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Dynamic self-assembledmaterial systems constantly consume energy tomaintain their spatiotemporal structures and functions. Programmable self-assembly translates information from individual parts to the collective whole. Combining dynamic and programmable self-assembly in a single platform opens up the possibilities to investigate both types of self-assembly simultaneously and to explore their synergy. This task is challenging because of the difficulty in finding suitable interactions that are both dissipative and programmable. We present a dynamic and programmable self-assemblingmaterial system consisting of spinning at the air-water interface circularmagnetic micro-rafts of radius 50 mu m and with cosinusoidal edge-height profiles. The cosinusoidal edge-height profiles not only create a net dissipative capillary repulsion that is sustained by continuous torque input but also enable directional assembly of micro-rafts. We uncover the layered arrangement of micro-rafts in the patterns formed by dynamic self-assembly and offer mechanistic insights through a physical model and geometric analysis. Furthermore, we demonstrate programmable self-assembly and show that a 4-fold rotational symmetry encoded in individual micro-rafts translates into 90 degrees bending angles and square-based tiling in the assembled structures of micro-rafts. We anticipate that our dynamic and programmable material system will serve as a model system for studying nonequilibrium dynamics and statistical mechanics in the future.
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