Journal
JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW
Volume 52, Issue 4, Pages 84-92Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2016.04.003
Keywords
Tenomodulin; Chondromoulin-1; Scleraxis; Tendon; Ligament; Anti-angiogenic factor
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Funding
- Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology
- Cooperative Research Program of the Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [26293395] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Tendons and ligaments are dense fibrous bands of connective tissue that integrate musculoskeletal components in vertebrates. Tendons connect skeletal muscles to the bone and function as mechanical force transmitters, whereas ligaments bind adjacent bones together to stabilize joints and restrict unwanted joint movement. Fibroblasts residing in tendons and ligaments are called tenocytes and ligamentocytes, respectively. Tenomodulin (Tnmd) is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that is expressed at high levels in tenocytes and ligamentocytes, and is also present in periodontal ligament cells and tendon stem/progenitor cells. Tnmd is related to chondromodulin-1 (Chm1), a cartilage-derived angiogenesis inhibitor, and both Tnmd and Chm1 are expressed in the CD31-avascular mesenchyme. The conserved C-terminal hydrophobic domain of these proteins, which is characterized by the eight Cys residues to form four disulfide bonds, may have an anti-angiogenic function. This review highlights the molecular characterization and function of Tnmd, a specific marker of tendons and ligaments. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Japanese Association for Dental Science.
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