Journal
ACS ENERGY LETTERS
Volume 3, Issue 1, Pages 92-97Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.7b01057
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Funding
- National Science Foundation [CMMI-1537011, DMR-1420541]
- NSF's MRSEC program
- Department of Defense (DoD) by a National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship (NDSEG)
- Div Of Civil, Mechanical, & Manufact Inn
- Directorate For Engineering [1536895, 1537011] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Solution-processed hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) from organoammonium halide and lead halide precursors form efficacious active layers for photovoltaics, light-emitting diodes, and flexible electronics. Though solvent-solute coordination plays a critical role in HOIP crystallization, the influence of solvent choice on such interactions is poorly understood. We demonstrate Gutmann's donor number, DN, as a parameter that indicates the coordinating ability of the processing solvent with the Pb2+ center of the lead halide precursor. Low DN solvents interact weakly with the Pb2+ center, favoring instead complexation between Pb2+ and iodide and subsequent crystallization of perovskite. High DN solvents coordinate more strongly with the Pb2+ center, which in turn inhibits iodide coordination and stalls perovskite crystallization. Varying the concentration of high-D-N additives in precursor solutions tunes the strength of lead solvent interactions, allowing finer control over the crystallization and the resulting morphology of HOIP active layers.
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