Journal
ACS ENERGY LETTERS
Volume 2, Issue 11, Pages 2607-2615Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00907
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Funding
- NorthEast Center for Chemical Energy Storage (NECCES), an Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0012583]
- DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research
- Department of Energy [DE-AC05-76RLO1830]
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For the first time, (003) cracking is observed and determined to be the major cracking mechanism for the primary particles of Ni-rich layered dioxides as the positive electrode for Li-ion batteries. Using transmission electron microscopy techniques, here we show that the propagation and fracturing of platelet-like rock-salt phase along the (003) plane of the layered oxide are the leading cause for the cracking of primary particles. The fracturing of the rock-salt platelet is induced by the stress discontinuity between the parent layered oxide and the rock-salt phase. The high nickel content is considered to be the key factor for the formation of the rock-salt platelet and thus the (003) cracking. The (003)-type cracking can be a major factor for the structural degradation and associated capacity fade of the layered positive electrode.
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