Journal
BIOMEDICINES
Volume 4, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines4030019
Keywords
oncolytic viruses; immunotherapy; GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor); TRICOM (triad of costimulatory molecules); tumor microenvironment; poxvirus; vaccinia
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Funding
- NCI [R01 CA42908, P30 CA72720]
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Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are being extensively studied for their potential roles in the development of cancer therapy regimens. In addition to their direct lytic effects, OVs can initiate and drive systemic antitumor immunity indirectly via release of tumor antigen, as well as by encoding and delivering immunostimulatory molecules. This combination makes them an effective platform for the development of immunotherapeutic strategies beyond their primary lytic function. Engineering the viruses to also express tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) allows them to simultaneously serve as therapeutic vaccines, targeting and amplifying an immune response to TAAs. Our group and others have shown that vaccinating intratumorally with a poxvirus that encodes TAAs, in addition to immune stimulatory molecules, can modulate the tumor microenvironment, overcome immune inhibitory pathways, and drive both local and systemic tumor specific immune responses.
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