Journal
GENES AND NUTRITION
Volume 12, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
BMC
DOI: 10.1186/s12263-017-0587-x
Keywords
Biomarker; Classification; Nutrition; Ontology; Exposure; Effect; Susceptibility; Metabolomics; Review
Categories
Funding
- BioNH call under the Joint Programming Initiative, 'A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life' [529051002]
- Danish Innovation Foundation [4203-00002B]
- Carlsberg Foundation
- China Scholarship Council [201506350127]
- University of Rome La Sapienza ('Borsa di studio per la frequenza di corsi o attivita di perfezionamento all'estero' erogata ai sensi della legge) [398/89]
- Swiss National Science Foundation [40HD40_160618, NRP69]
- Science Foundation Ireland [SFI 14/JPI-HDHL/B3076]
- ERC [647783]
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
- Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) [PCIN-2014-133-MINECO Spain]
- Generalitat de Catalunya's Agency AGAUR [2014SGR1566]
- CIBERFES
- FEDER Program from EU
- Italian Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Forestry Policies (MiPAAF) within the JPI-HDHL (MIUR) [D.M. 115/2013]
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [40HD40_160618] Funding Source: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF)
- Alberta Innovates [201201143] Funding Source: researchfish
- European Research Council (ERC) [647783] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
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Biomarkers are an efficient means to examine intakes or exposures and their biological effects and to assess system susceptibility. Aided by novel profiling technologies, the biomarker research field is undergoing rapid development and new putative biomarkers are continuously emerging in the scientific literature. However, the existing concepts for classification of biomarkers in the dietary and health area may be ambiguous, leading to uncertainty about their application. In order to better understand the potential of biomarkers and to communicate their use and application, it is imperative to have a solid scheme for biomarker classification that will provide a well-defined ontology for the field. In this manuscript, we provide an improved scheme for biomarker classification based on their intended use rather than the technology or outcomes (six subclasses are suggested: food compound intake biomarkers (FCIBs), food or food component intake biomarkers (FIBs), dietary pattern biomarkers (DPBs), food compound status biomarkers (FCSBs), effect biomarkers, physiological or health state biomarkers). The application of this scheme is described in detail for the dietary and health area and is compared with previous biomarker classification for this field of research.
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