Journal
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
Volume 122, Issue 10, Pages 7783-7802Publisher
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1002/2016JC012592
Keywords
sea spray; air-sea turbulent fluxes; upper ocean temperature; typhoon
Categories
Funding
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2016YFC1401800]
- National Programme on Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction of China [GASI-IPOVAI-04]
- National Basic Research Program of China [2013CB430304]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [41376013, 41606039, 41541041, 41506039]
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Strong winds lead to large amounts of sea spray in the lowest part of the atmospheric boundary layer. The spray droplets affect the air-sea heat fluxes due to their evaporation and the momentum due to the change of sea surface, and in turn change the upper ocean thermal structure. In this study, impact of sea spray on upper ocean temperatures in the Yellow and East China Seas (YES) during typhoon Rammasun's passage is investigated using the POMgcs ocean model with a sea spray parameterization scheme, in which the sea spray-induced heat fluxes are based on an improved Fairall's sea spray heat fluxes algorithm, and the sea spray-induced momentum fluxes are derived from an improved COARE version 2.6 bulk model. The distribution of the sea spray mediated turbulent fluxes was primarily located at Rammasun eye-wall region, in accord with the maximal wind speeds regions. When Rammasun enters the Yellow sea, the sea spray mediated latent (sensible) heat flux maximum is enhanced by 26% (13.5%) compared to that of the interfacial latent (sensible) heat flux. The maximum of the total air-sea momentum fluxes is enhanced by 43% compared to the counterpart of the interfacial momentum flux. Furthermore, the sea spray plays a key role in enhancing the intensity of the typhoon-induced cold suction and heat pump processes. When the effect of sea spray is considered, the maximum of the sea surface cooling in the right side of Rammasun's track is increased by 0.5 degrees C, which is closer to the available satellite observations.
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