In vitro xanthine oxidase and albumin denaturation inhibition assay of Barringtonia racemosa L. and total phenolic content analysis for potential anti-inflammatory use in gouty arthritis

Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro anti-inflammatory activities and total phenolic content (TPC) of methanolic extracts of infloresence axes, endosperms, leaves, and pericarps of Barringtonia racemosa L. Methods: The anti-inflammatory study was conducted by assessing the potential through xanthine oxidase (XO) and albumin denaturation inhibition assays. Meanwhile, the TPC in the extracts were assessed by FolinCiocalteu assay. Results: In the XO inhibition assay, the infloresence axes extract was found to exert the highest inhibition capacity at 0.1% (w/v) with 59.54 +/- 0.001% inhibition followed by leaves (58.82 +/- 0.001%), pericarps (57.99 +/- 0.003%), and endosperms (57.20 +/- 0.003%) extracts. Similarly in the albumin denaturation inhibition assay, the infloresence axes extract had shown the greatest inhibition capacity with 70.58 +/- 0.004% inhibition followed by endosperms (66.80 +/- 0.024%), leaves (65.29 +/- 0.006%), and pericarps extracts (43.33 +/- 0.002%). Meanwhile, for TPC analysis, leaves extract was found to have the highest phenolic content (53.94 +/- 0.000 mg gallic acid equivalent [GAE]/g DW) followed by infloresence axes (31.54 +/- 0.001 mg GAE/g DW), endosperms (22.63 +/- 0.001 mg GAE/g DW), and the least was found in pericarps (15.54 +/- 0.001 mg GAE/g DW). Conclusion: The results indeed verified the in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of B. racemosa and supported its potential to be used in alleviating gouty arthritis and XO-related diseases.