Reactions between olivine and CO2-rich seawater at 300 °C: Implications for H2 generation and CO2 sequestration on the early Earth

To understand the influence of fluid CO2 on ultramafic rock-hosted seafloor hydrothermal systems on the early Earth, we monitored the reaction between San Carlos olivine and a CO2-rich NaC1 fluid at 300 degrees C and 500 bars. During the experiments, the total carbonic acid concentration (Sigma CO2) in the fluid decreased from approximately 65 to 9 mmolikg. Carbonate minerals, magnesite, and subordinate amount of dolomite were formed via the water -rock interaction. The H-2 concentration in the fluid reached approximately 39 mmol/kg within 2736 h, which is relatively lower than the concentration generated by the reaction between olivine and a CO2-free NaCl solution at the same temperature. As seen in previous hydrothermal experiments using komatiite, ferrous iron incorporation into Mg-bearing carbonate minerals likely limited iron oxidation in the fluids and the resulting H-2 generation during the olivine alteration. Considering carbonate mineralogy over the temperature range of natural hydrothermal fields, H-2 generation is likely suppressed at temperatures below approximately 300 degrees C due to the formation of the Mg-bearing carbonates. Nevertheless, H-2 concentration in fluid at 300 degrees C could be still high due to the temperature dependency of magnetite stability in ultramafic systems. Moreover, the Mg-bearing carbonates may play a key role in the ocean-atmosphere system on the early Earth. Recent studies suggest that the subduction of carbonated ultramafic rocks may transport surface CO2 species into the deep mantle. This process may have reduced the huge initial amount of CO2 on the surface of the early Earth. Our approximate calculations demonstrate that the subduction of the Mg-bearing carbonates formed in komatiite likely played a crucial role as one of the CO2 carriers from the surface to the deep mantle, even in hot subduction zones. (C) 2017 China University of Geosciences (Beijing) and Peking University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.