Waste Management in Germany - Development to a Sustainable Circular Economy?

The new German Closed Cycle Management Act is aimed to turn the waste management into a resource management. The realisation that waste can be a useful source of raw materials and energy is not new; metals, glass, and textiles have been collected before and put to new use. The waste management policy, which has been adapted in Germany over the past 20 years, is based on closed cycles and assigns disposal responsibilities to manufacturers and distributors of products. This has made people even more aware of the necessity to separate waste, led to the introduction of new disposal technologies, and increased recycling capacities. Today, 14 per cent of the raw materials used by the German industry are recovered waste. Modern closed cycle management contributes, with a share of approximately 20 per cent, to achieve the German Kyoto targets on the reduction of climate-relevant emissions. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.