Journal
REDOX BIOLOGY
Volume 11, Issue -, Pages 240-253Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.12.011
Keywords
ROS; Antioxidant; Fibrosis; Cancer; Metastasis; Nanoparticles
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Funding
- National Cancer Institute of NIH [HHSN261201300078C]
- Prospect Creek Foundation
- OHSU's Office of the Vice President for Research
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Oxidative stress, mainly contributed by reactive oxygen species (ROS), has been implicated in pathogenesis of several diseases. We review two primary examples; fibrosis and cancer. In fibrosis, ROS promote activation and proliferation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, activating TGF-beta pathway in an autocrine manner. In cancer, ROS account for its genomic instability, resistance to apoptosis, proliferation, and angiogenesis. Importantly, ROS trigger cancer cell invasion through invadopodia formation as well as extravasation into a distant metastasis site. Use of antioxidant supplements, enzymes, and inhibitors for ROS-generating NADPH oxidases (NOX) is a logical therapeutic intervention for fibrosis and cancer. We review such attempts, progress, and challenges. Lastly, we review how nanoparticles with inherent antioxidant activity can also be a promising therapeutic option, considering their additional feature as a delivery platform for drugs, genes, and imaging agents.
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