Journal
ANTIOXIDANTS
Volume 5, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/antiox5040044
Keywords
blueberries; bilberries; strawberries; cranberries; berries; anthocyanins; diabetes; insulin; glucose; diabetes
Funding
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) [K01AT006975]
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Blueberries are a rich source of polyphenols, which include anthocyanin bioactive compounds. Epidemiological evidence indicates that incorporating blueberries into the diet may lower the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2DM). These findings are supported by pre-clinical and clinical studies that have shown improvements in insulin resistance (i.e., increased insulin sensitivity) after obese and insulin-resistant rodents or humans consumed blueberries. Insulin resistance was assessed by homeostatic model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), insulin tolerance tests, and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps. Additionally, the improvements in glucose tolerance after blueberry consumption were assessed by glucose tolerance tests. However, firm conclusions regarding the anti-diabetic effect of blueberries cannot be drawn due to the small number of existing clinical studies. Although the current evidence is promising, more long-term, randomized, and placebo-controlled trials are needed to establish the role of blueberries in preventing or delaying T2DM.
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