Journal
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
Volume 598, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
EDP SCIENCES S A
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201629450
Keywords
surveys; Galaxy: general; stars: abundances; techniques: spectroscopic; techniques: radial velocities
Categories
Funding
- UK Science and Technology Facilities Council
- European Union FP7 program through ERC [320360]
- Leverhulme Trust [RPG-2012-541]
- INAF
- Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR)
- New Milky Way project - Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation
- European Research Council [ERC-CoG-646928]
- Swedish National Space Board (Rymdstyrelsen)
- Belgian Federal Science Policy Office [BR/143/A2/BRASS]
- National Science Center of Poland [2014/15/B/ST9/03981]
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) [AYA2014-56359]
- ERC [615604]
- Belspo
- Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT) [UID/FIS/04434/2013, PTDC/FIS-AST/7073/2014]
- FCT [IF/00028/2014]
- FEDER through the program Programa Operacional de Factores de Competitividade - COMPETE
- Ministry of Economy, Development, and Tourism's Millennium Science Initiative [IC120009]
- Fondecyt Regular [1150345]
- BASAL CATA [PFB-06]
- Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad [AYA2013-40611]
- La Silla Paranal Observatory [188.B-3002, 193.B-0936]
- ESF (European Science Foundation)
- STFC [ST/N003381/1, ST/L006553/1, ST/P00556X/1, ST/J001333/1, ST/M001008/1, ST/N005805/1, ST/N004493/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/J001333/1, ST/M001008/1, ST/P00556X/1, ST/N004493/1, ST/N003381/1, ST/N005805/1] Funding Source: researchfish
Ask authors/readers for more resources
The Gaia-ESO survey (GES) is now in its fifth and last year of observations and has produced tens of thousands of high-quality spectra of stars in all Milky Way components. This paper presents the strategy behind the selection of astrophysical calibration targets, ensuring that all GES results on radial velocities, atmospheric parameters, and chemical abundance ratios will be both internally consistent and easily comparable with other literature results, especially from other large spectroscopic surveys and from Gaia. The calibration of GES is particularly delicate because of (i) the large space of parameters covered by its targets, ranging from dwarfs to giants, from O to M stars; these targets have a large wide of metallicities and also include fast rotators, emission line objects, and stars affected by veiling; (ii) the variety of observing setups, with different wavelength ranges and resolution; and (iii) the choice of analyzing the data with many different state-of-the-art methods, each stronger in a different region of the parameter space, which ensures a better understanding of systematic uncertainties. An overview of the GES calibration and homogenization strategy is also given, along with some examples of the usage and results of calibrators in GES iDR4, which is the fourth internal GES data release and will form the basis of the next GES public data release. The agreement between GES iDR4 recommended values and reference values for the calibrating objects are very satisfactory. The average off sets and spreads are generally compatible with the GES measurement errors, which in iDR4 data already meet the requirements set by the main GES scientific goals.
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