Journal
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
Volume 608, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
EDP SCIENCES S A
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201730449
Keywords
galaxies: clusters: individual: MRC1138-262; galaxies: high-redshift; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: ISM; submillimeter: galaxies; galaxies: individual: HAE229
Categories
Funding
- Commonwealth of Australia
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO)
- Ramon y Cajal program MINECO [RYC-2014-15686]
- European Union 7th Framework programme (FP7-PEOPLE-IEF) [624351]
- MINECO [AYA2012-32295]
- STFC through an Ernest Rutherford Fellowship
- CNPq
- FAPERJ
- NSF [AST-1009452, AST-1445357]
- Space Telescope Science Institute [NASA HST AR-13906.001]
- NASA [NAS5-26555]
- Cottrell College Science Award - Research Corporation for Science Advancement
- ESO Telescope at Paranal [088.A-074(B), 091.A-0106(A), 094.A-0104(A)]
- STFC [ST/J002844/1, ST/G004994/1, ST/L000695/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [26800107] Funding Source: KAKEN
- Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/J002844/1, ST/G004994/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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It is not yet known if the properties of molecular gas in distant protocluster galaxies are significantly a ff ected by their environment as galaxies are in local clusters. Through a deep, 64 h of e ff ective on-source integration with the Australian Telescope Compact Array (ATCA), we discovered a massive, M-mol = 2 : 0 +/- 0 : 2 x 10(11) M-circle dot, extended, similar to 40 kpc, CO(1-0)-emitting disk in the protocluster surrounding the radio galaxy, MRC1138 262. The galaxy, at zCO = 2 : 1478, is a clumpy, massive disk galaxy, M-* similar to 5 x 10(11) M-circle dot, which lies 250 kpc in projection from MRC1138-262 and is a known H ff emitter, named HAE229. This source has a molecular gas fraction of similar to 30%. The CO emission has a kinematic gradient along its major axis, centered on the highest surface brightness rest-frame optical emission, consistent with HAE229 being a rotating disk. Surprisingly, a significant fraction of the CO emission lies outside of the UV /optical emission. In spite of this, HAE229 follows the same relation between star-formation rate and molecular gas mass as normal field galaxies. HAE229 is the first CO(1-0) detection of an ordinary, star-forming galaxy in a protocluster. We compare a sample of cluster members at z > 0 : 4 that are detected in low-order CO transitions, with a similar sample of sources drawn from the field. We confirm findings that the CO-luminosity and full-width at half maximum are correlated in starbursts and show that this relation is valid for normal high-z galaxies as well as for those in overdensities. We do not find a clear dichotomy in the integrated Schmidt-Kennicutt relation for protocluster and field galaxies. Our results suggest that environment does not have an impact on the star-formation e ffi ciency or the molecular gas content of high-redshift galaxies. Not finding any environmental dependence in these characteristics, especially for such an extended CO disk, suggests that environmentally-specific processes such as ram pressure stripping do not operate e ffi ciently in (proto) clusters.
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