Journal
APL MATERIALS
Volume 5, Issue 7, Pages -Publisher
AMER INST PHYSICS
DOI: 10.1063/1.4976803
Keywords
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Funding
- Nano Material Technology Development Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (MSIP) [NRF-2016M3A7B4910636, NRF-2016M3A7B4905609]
- Global Frontier R&D Program on Center for Integrated Smart Sensors [CISS-2016M3A6A6929958]
- MSIP through NRF
- NRF - MSIP [NRF-2016R1A2B4011663]
- Korean Healthcare technology R&D project - Ministry of Health Welfare [HI16C0058, HI15C1200]
- Ministry of Science & ICT (MSIT), Republic of Korea [NNFC-17-01] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2015M3A6A6066117, 2016R1A2B4011663] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Flexible piezoelectric energy harvesters have been regarded as an overarching candidate for achieving self-powered electronic systems for environmental sensors and biomedical devices using the self-sufficient electrical energy. In this research, we realize a flexible high-output and lead-free piezoelectric energy harvester by using the aerosol deposition method and the laser lift-off process. We also investigated the comprehensive biocompatibility of the lead-free piezoceramic device using ex-vivo ionic elusion and in vivo bioimplantation, as well as in vitro cell proliferation and histologic inspection. The fabricated LiNbO3-doped (K,Na) NbO3 (KNN) thin film-based flexible energy harvester exhibited an outstanding piezoresponse, and average output performance of an open-circuit voltage of similar to 130 V and a short-circuit current of similar to 1.3 mu A under normal bending and release deformation, which is the best record among previously reported flexible lead-free piezoelectric energy harvesters. Although both the KNN and Pb(Zr,Ti)O-3 (PZT) devices showed short-term biocompatibility in cellular and histological studies, excessive Pb toxic ions were eluted from the PZT in human serum and tap water. Moreover, the KNN-based flexible energy harvester was implanted into a porcine chest and generated up to similar to 5 V and 700 nA from the heartbeat motion, comparable to the output of previously reported lead-based flexible energy harvesters. This work can compellingly serve to advance the development of piezoelectric energy harvesting for actual and practical biocompatible self-powered biomedical applications beyond restrictions of lead-based materials in long-term physiological and clinical aspects. (C) 2017 Author(s).
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