Journal
ICMI'16: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 18TH ACM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIMODAL INTERACTION
Volume -, Issue -, Pages 279-283Publisher
ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY
DOI: 10.1145/2993148.2993165
Keywords
Emotion recognition; Facial Expression Recognition; Convolutional Neural Network; Annotation; Crowd sourcing
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Crowd sourcing has become a widely adopted scheme to collect ground truth labels. However, it is a well-known problem that these labels can be very noisy. In this paper, we demonstrate how to learn a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) from noisy labels, using facial expression recognition as an example. More specifically, we have 10 taggers to label each input image, and compare four different approaches to utilizing the multiple labels: majority voting, multi-label learning, probabilistic label drawing, and cross-entropy loss. We show that the traditional majority voting scheme does not perform as well as the last two approaches that fully leverage the label distribution. An enhanced FER+data set with multiple labels for each face image will also be shared with the research community.
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