Optimization of cellulose nanofibrils carbon aerogel fabrication using response surface methodology

This research investigated the simultaneous effects of processing parameters in the making of carbon aerogel from cellulose nanofibrils (NFC). Variables such as peak temperature and heating rate at different levels were systematically investigated with the goal of parameter optimization using response surface methodology (RSM). A face-centered central composite design (CCF) was used to evaluate the feasible range of process conditions where the levels of peak temperature and heating rate were varied at levels ranging from 230 degrees C to 320 degrees C. Results indicated that the quadratic model developed for the response surface was adequate for the prediction of optimal parameters. Response surface predictions were developed to explore the integrated and feasible operating space. Optimum conditions were: 300 degrees C peak temperature and a heating rate of 8.00 degrees C/min. The carbon aerogel achieved approximately 90.10 g/g of the normalized oil absorption capacity despite a weight reduction percentage of 82%. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.