Magnetically actuated functional gradient nanocomposites for strong and ultra-durable biomimetic interfaces/surfaces

Magnetically-actuated functional gradient nanocomposites can be locally modulated to generate unprecedented mechanical gradients applied to various interfaces and surfaces following the design principles of natural biological materials. Several thus-far-inaccessible biomimics including a strong and ultra-durable interface mimicking the tooth dentin-enamel junction, a wear-resistant and long-lasting surface coating mimicking biological skins, and flexible yet structurally-stable micropillars mimicking the adhesive setae of insects are demonstrated.