Public perception and acceptability of reclaimed water: the case of Shandong province, China

Shandong is a typical region in northern China that is experiencing a serious shortage of water resources. To tackle the water resources shortage, Shandong is striving to develop alternative water resources, in addition to efficiently utilizing regular water resources, of which, the utilization of reclaimed water plays a major role. However, the successful implementation of the reclaimed water projects heavily depends on public perception and a positive public attitude toward reclaimed water. This study examines public perception of water resources and public attitude toward reclaimed water in Shandong through a questionnaire survey. The results indicate that the public lacks a general understanding of water resources in Shandong. The public positively accepts using reclaimed water for all 12 purposes examined. However, their receptivity of some of the purposes is relatively weak, especially with respect to domestic potable water. Graphical analysis results indicate that older people and people with higher educational levels are more willing to accept reclaimed water. Finally, this study recommends a group of people as the a priori target to improve public receptivity. The study could also provide a valuable reference for other regions of China and developing countries facing similar advancements in the development of reclaimed water.