Journal
PHOTONICS
Volume 3, Issue 4, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/photonics3040058
Keywords
pump/probe photoemission; time-resolved angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy; constant matrix element approximation; nonequilibrium many-body physics; gauge-invariance
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Funding
- Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering (DMSE) [DE-FG02-08ER46542]
- DST, India
- McDevitt bequest at Georgetown
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We discuss several issues associated with employing a constant matrix element approximation for the coupling of light to multiband electrons in the context of time-resolved angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (TR-ARPES). In particular, we demonstrate that the constant matrix element approximation -even when reasonable-only holds for specific choices of the one-electron basis, and changing to other bases, requires including nonconstant corrections to the matrix element. We also discuss some simplifying approximations, where a constant matrix element is employed in multiple bases, and the consequences of this further approximation (especially with respect to the calculated TR-ARPES signal becoming negative). We also discuss issues related to gauge invariance of the final spectra.
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