Journal
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 8, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00468
Keywords
nutrient sensing; olfaction; piriform cortex; transporter; receptor; food intake; obesity; type 2 diabetes
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Funding
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University Lyon 1, the Laboratoire d'Excellence Cortex [ANR-11-LABX-0042]
- NIH from the National Institutes of Deafness and Communication Disorders (NIDCD) [R01 DC013080]
- PALSE grant (Programme Avenir Lyon St Etienne) from the University of Lyon
- Robinson Foundation at the Tallahassee Memorial Hospital
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Olfaction is a major sensory modality involved in real time perception of the chemical composition of the external environment. Olfaction favors anticipation and rapid adaptation of behavioral responses necessary for animal survival. Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated that there is a direct action of metabolic peptides on the olfactory network. Orexigenic peptides such as ghrelin and orexin increase olfactory sensitivity, which in turn, is decreased by anorexigenic hormones such as insulin and leptin. In addition to peptides, nutrients can play a key role on neuronal activity. Very little is known about nutrient sensing in olfactory areas. Nutrients, such as carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipids, could play a key role in modulating olfactory sensitivity to adjust feeding behavior according to metabolic need. Here we summarize recent findings on nutrient-sensing neurons in olfactory areas and delineate the limits of our knowledge on this topic. The present review opens new lines of investigations on the relationship between olfaction and food intake, which could contribute to determining the etiology of metabolic disorders.
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