Journal
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 11, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00088
Keywords
Transcranial magnetic stimulation; TMS; larynx; motor cortex excitability; fine wire electrode; cortical silent period; cSP
Categories
Funding
- National Institute of Communication Disorders and Deafness, National Institutes of Health [R21DC012344]
- University of Minnesota's MnDRIVE (Minnesota's Discovery, Research and Innovation Economy)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health [UL1TR000114]
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering [P41 EB015894]
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Objective : This work aimed to evaluate the cortical silent period (cSP) of the laryngeal motor cortex (LMC) using the bilateral thyroarytenoid (TA) muscles with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Methods : In 11 healthy participants, fine-wire electromyography (EMG) was used to record bilateral TA muscle responses to single pulse TMS delivered to the LMC in both hemispheres. Peripheral responses to stimulation over the mastoid, where the vagus nerve exits the skull, were collected to verify the central origin of the cortical stimulation responses by comparing the latencies. Results : The cSP duration ranged from 41.7 to 66.4ms. The peripherally evoked motor-evoked potential (MEP) peak occurred 5-9 ms earlier than the cortical responses (for both sides of TAs: p < 0.0001) with no silent period. The right TA MEP latencies were earlier than the left TA responses for both peripheral and cortical measures (p <= 0.0001). Conclusion : These findings demonstrate the feasibility of measuring cSP of LMC based on intrinsic laryngeal muscles responses during vocalization in healthy volunteers. Significance : The technique could be used to study the pathophysiology of neurological disorders that affect TA muscles, such as spasmodic dysphonia. Further, the methodology has application to other muscles of the head and neck not accessible using surface electrodes.
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