Assessing Early-Stage CO2 utilization Technologies-Comparing Apples and Oranges?

CO2 utilization involves many disciplines-fields as different as apples and oranges. Technology assessment is a common tool for evaluation. This article analyses its current state in CO2 utilization. First, the steps of chemical product development are matched with technology readiness levels (TRLs) for classification. Second, relevant literature is selected, and assessment methods and indicators are examined. The analysis shows that standardization in CO2 utilization technology assessment is low. Current research addresses some but not all assessment fields and tends to use a large range of indicators, making comparison difficult. Overall standard methods are needed as they could facilitate technology comparison and provide a better understanding of trade-offs. Future assessments should be extended to the definition of a standard set of assessment indicators, the further adoption of social impact assessment for all TRLs, and the inclusion of environmental impact assessment at early stages.