Journal
REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND BIO-TECHNOLOGY
Volume 16, Issue 3, Pages 395-424Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11157-017-9439-9
Keywords
Wastewater treatment; Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy; Infrared spectroscopy; Fluorescence spectroscopy
Funding
- Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) [UID/BIO/04469/2013, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684, RECI/BBB-EBI/0179/2012 (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-027462)]
- European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte-Programa Operacional Regional do Norte [NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004]
- FCT-Portugal [SFRH/BPD/82558/2011, SFRH/BPD/101338/2014]
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [RECI/BBB-EBI/0179/2012, UID/BIO/04469/2013] Funding Source: FCT
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Biological processes based on aerobic and anaerobic technologies have been continuously developed to wastewater treatment and are currently routinely employed to reduce the contaminants discharge levels in the environment. However, most methodologies commonly applied for monitoring key parameters are labor intensive, time-consuming and just provide a snapshot of the process. Thus, spectroscopy applications in biological processes are, nowadays, considered a rapid and effective alternative technology for real-time monitoring though still lacking implementation in full-scale plants. In this review, the application of spectroscopic techniques to aerobic and anaerobic systems is addressed focusing on UV-Vis, infrared, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Furthermore, chemometric techniques, valuable tools to extract the relevant data, are also referred. To that effect, a detailed analysis is performed for aerobic and anaerobic systems to summarize the findings that have been obtained since 2000. Future prospects for the application of spectroscopic techniques in biological wastewater treatment processes are further discussed.
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