Journal
NANO ENERGY
Volume 39, Issue -, Pages 616-625Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.07.046
Keywords
Perovskite solar cells; Morphology engeering; Mixed solvent; Stitching effect; Triple cation; Anti-solvent
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [61421002, 61574029, 61371046]
- University of Kentucky
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With the rapid development of organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite photovoltaics, increasingly more attentions are paid to explore the growth mechanism and precisely control the quality of perovskite films. In this study, we propose a stitching effect to fabricate high quality perovskite films by using chlorobenzene (CB) as an anti-solvent and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) as an additive into this anti-solvent. Because of the existence of IPA, CB can be efficiently released from the gaps of perovskite precursors and the perovskite film formation can be slightly modified in a controlled manner. More homogeneous surface morphology and larger grain size of perovskite films were achieved via this process. The reduced grain boundaries ensure low surface defect density and good carrier transport in the perovskite layer. Meanwhile, we also performed the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to investigate the film growth mechanism of unannealed and annealed perovskite films. Solar cells fabricated by using the stitching effect exhibited a best efficiency of 19.2%. Our results show that solvent and solvent additives dramatically influenced the formation and crystallization processes for perovskite materials due to their different coordination and extraction capabilities. This method presents a new path towards controlling the growth and morphology of perovskite films.
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