Journal
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
Volume 24, Issue 8, Pages 1029-1038Publisher
SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
DOI: 10.1177/1352458517711568
Keywords
Oxidative stress; glutathione; progressive multiple sclerosis; neurodegeneration; brain; multiple sclerosis; MRI; MRS
Categories
Funding
- National Multiple Sclerosis Society [RG 4495-A-4]
- NIH [R03AG022193, UL1TR000001, P20GM103418, S10RR029577]
- Hoglund Family Foundation
- NATIONAL CENTER FOR ADVANCING TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCES [UL1TR000001] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL CENTER FOR RESEARCH RESOURCES [S10RR029577] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCES [P20GM103418] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING [R03AG022193] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Background: The oxidative stress hypothesis links neurodegeneration in the later, progressive stages of multiple sclerosis (MS) to the loss of a major brain antioxidant, glutathione (GSH). Objective: We measured GSH concentrations among major MS subtypes and examined the relationships with other indices of disease status including physical disability and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures. Methods: GSH mapping was performed on the fronto-parietal region of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS, n=21), primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS, n=20), secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS, n=20), and controls (n=28) using GSH chemical shift imaging. Between-group comparisons were performed on all variables (GSH, T2-lesion, atrophy, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS)). Results: Patients with MS had substantially lower GSH concentrations than controls, and GSH was lower in progressive MS (PPMS and SPMS) compared with RRMS. GSH concentrations were not significantly different between PPMS and SPMS, or between RRMS and controls. Brain atrophy was significant in both RRMS and progressive MS compared with controls. Conclusion: Markedly lower GSH in progressive MS than RRMS indicates more prominent involvement of oxidative stress in the progressive stage of MS than the inflammatory stage. The association between GSH and brain atrophy suggests the important role of oxidative stress contributing to neurodegeneration in progressive MS, as suggested in other neurodegenerative diseases.
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