Cardiotoxicity and Mechanism of Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM2.5) Exposure in Offspring Rats During Pregnancy

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the cardiotoxicity and mechanism of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) exposure on offspring rats during pregnancy. Material/Methods: Wistar rats were used to establish a PM2.5 exposure animal model during pregnancy, and they were divided into a control group, a low-dose group, a middle-dose group, and a high-dose group according to PM2.5 exposure dose. The pathological changes of heart tissue, the rate of myocardial cell apoptosis, the levels of LDH, AST, and CM-KB in serum, and the difference in mitochondrial fusion genes (OPA1 and Mfn1) and mitochondrial genes (Drp1 and Fis1) were compared among groups. Results: The arrangement of myocardial fibers in offspring mice of PM2.5 exposure groups became disordered, the shape of some cardiomyocytes became irregular, and some staining darker nuclei appeared. The apoptotic rates of myocardium in offspring rats exposed to PM2.5 were (12.61 +/- 0.93)% in the low-dose group, (25.14 +/- 1.53)% in the middle-dose group, and (30.13 +/- 1.50)% in the high-dose group, which were all significantly higher than in the control group (9.12 +/- 0.80)% (P<0.05). The levels of LDH, AST, and CM-KB and the expression of OPA1, Mfn1, Drp1, and Fis1 in offspring mice of PM2.5 exposure groups increased with the increase of PM2.5 exposure dose, and were significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions: The mitochondria of the offspring mice were damaged due to the abnormal expression of mitochondrial fusion/splicing gene by PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy, and the hearts of offspring mice were damaged due to damaged mitochondria.