Journal
JOURNAL OF STROKE & CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES
Volume 26, Issue 5, Pages 1061-1070Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.12.021
Keywords
Symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis disease; symptomatic extracranial atherosclerotic stenosis disease; angiogenesis; vascular endothelial growth factor; endostatin; risk factors; short-term prognosis
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81271299]
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Background: Symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) and extracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ECAS) are different in many aspects. Here, we explored the association between the location or severity of atherosclerotic stenosis and proor antiangiogenic factors, specifically vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endostatin (ES). Methods: We evaluated 198 consecutive patients with acute ischemia stroke: 132 with large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA) and 66 with smallartery occlusion (small-vessel occlusion). The LAA group was subclassified into 102 patients with ICAS and 30 with ECAS. Independent associations of VEGF, ES levels, and VEGF/ES ratio with the location of cerebral stenosis and the severity or short-term prognosis (14th day modified Rankin Scale) of ICAS were evaluated. Results: Plasma concentrations of VEGF and ES were lower (P<.05) in ICAS (38.07, 32.76-46.28 pg/mL and 58.95, 55.04-59.77 ng/mL) than those in ECAS (45.00, 34.30-83.34 pg/mL and 140.74, 85.63-231.21 ng/mL). Logistic regression analysis showed that VEGF concentrations and dyslipidemia were independently associated with ICAS, with odds ratios of.987 [95% CI = (. 976,.998)] and.265 [95% CI = (. 103,.792)], respectively. Moreover, plasmatic VEGF levels increased gradually along with the severity of ICAS (P =.003), and lower levels of ES (P =.040) or a higher VEGF/ES ratio (P =.048) were related to unfavorable short-term prognosis of ICAS. Conclusion: Lower VEGF levels are associated with the presence of symptomatic ICAS, but not with ECAS. Furthermore, the severity of ICAS is positively correlated with the levels of VEGF, and lower ES levels or a predominance of VEGF over ES are predictors of poor short-term prognosis of ICAS.
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