Journal
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
Volume 5, Issue 31, Pages 16289-16295Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c7ta00501f
Keywords
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21543009]
- Open Research Fund Program of Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center Program [2016ZD04]
- Zhejiang Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center Program [G1504126001900]
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Nanofiltration membranes are of great interest in brackish water desalination and drinking water purification. Improving the permeation and separation performance remains a big challenge in advanced nanofiltration membranes. Herein, we report triple-layered composite nanofiltration membranes constructed by the interfacial polymerization of diamine and acyl chloride on a cellulose nanocrystal interlayer supported by a microporous substrate. The cellulose nano-crystal interlayer plays a crucial role in the polyamide skin layer formation and the following nanofiltration process. It can store aqueous diamine monomers and slow down the interfacial polymerization for a relatively low cross-linking degree of the skin layer. This hydrophilic interlayer also facilitates water permeation through a dragging effect. The constructed membranes exhibit an ultra-high permeation flux up to 204 L m(-2) h(-1) under 0.6 MPa with a Na2SO4 rejection above 97%, which is the highest reported result to our knowledge. The ultra-high water permeation flux enables nanofiltration at low operating pressure, making it an energy-saving process. Moreover, the low cross-linking degree of the skin layer results in a high monovalent/divalent ion separation ratio.
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