Journal
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
Volume 5, Issue 10, Pages 4809-4817Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c6ta10631e
Keywords
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51672078, 21473052, 61474041]
- Hunan University State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body Independent Research Project [71675004]
- Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education [20130161120014]
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The nanosized silicon for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is mainly limited by cracking and pulverization caused by the large volume change during deep cycles. Here, we demonstrated a commercial viability (scalable synthesis) of Si nanoparticles@ graphene encapsulated in titanium dioxide nanotubes (Si@G@TiO2NTs) or carbon nanotubes (Si@G@CNTs) for the next generation of high-energy battery anodes. The nanotubes can not only provide strong protection and sufficient void space to buffer the huge volume expansion of Si nanoparticles during the charge/discharge process, but also enforce a most solid-electrolyte interphase to form on the outer surface of the nanotube instead of on individual Si nanoparticles, leading to ultrahigh coulombic efficiency and excellent cycling stability. The obtained Si@G@TiO2NT and Si@G@CNT electrodes showed a high reversible capacity of 1919.2 mA h g(-1) (1.02 mA h cm(-2)) after 800 cycles and 2242.2 mA h g(-1) (1.19 mA h cm(-2)) after 1000 cycles (> 1 year) at the constant current density of 500 mA g(-1), respectively. Furthermore, both Si@G@TiO2NT and Si@G@CNT electrodes presented superior average coulombic efficiency more than 99.9% during the whole cycling process.
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