Journal
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
Volume 5, Issue 45, Pages 23406-23433Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c7ta05131j
Keywords
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Funding
- Research Council of Sharif University of Technology [G930206]
- Iran National Science Foundation
- Research Chair Award of Surface and Interface Physics [940009]
- Iran Science Elites Federation (Grant of the top 100 national science elites)
- LRF (Liyods Register Foundation, United Kingdom, UK)
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Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a metal-free conjugated polymer constructed from two-dimensional sheets with a bandgap energy of 2.7 eV, which makes it an applicable and efficient visible-active photocatalyst for H-2 production. In the present study, the basic concepts and principles of photocatalytic water splitting have been discussed, and a guide for the selection of appropriate photocatalysts, focusing on the g-C3N4 nanomaterials, has been proposed. Our approach is mainly concentrated on evaluating two factors, namely the solar-to-hydrogen (STH) conversion and apparent quantum yield (AQY) for different photocatalysts, to provide an in-depth analysis and a framework for solar H-2 production for future research directions. We compared hydrogen production from an economic viewpoint and performance of g-C3N4 nanomaterials through photochemical (PC) and photoelectrochemical (PEC) methods. Various approaches for efficient solar H-2 generation over a modified g-C3N4 surface with the possibility for commercialization have been introduced. The promising approaches for the effective utilization of g-C3N4 are categorized into three proposed methods: electronic structure tuning, hybrid and nanocomposite fabrication, and finally geometric structure manipulation. Finally, we compared the recent findings and key achievements for g-C3N4-based photocatalysts modified based on the abovementioned three approaches to propose two possible scenarios for their use in the future development of efficient solar H-2 generation.
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