Journal
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
Volume 5, Issue 26, Pages 13776-13784Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c7ta03226a
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Funding
- Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of Taiwan
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Electrolyte formulations are vital for the proper functioning of Na-ion batteries. A systematic study is conducted to optimize the electrolyte for a SnO2/graphene anode, which is prepared via a supercritical-CO2-assisted synthesis method. The effects of a propylene carbonate (PC) and ethylene carbonate (EC) solvent combination and a fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) additive on the electrode charge-discharge properties are examined. Incorporations of EC and FEC promote the formation of a more robust solid electrolyte interphase layer, improving the cyclic stability of the electrode compared to that found for an electrode in a PC-only electrolyte containing 1 M NaClO4 salt. Nevertheless, at 60 degrees C, an N-propyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl) imide ionic liquid electrolyte clearly outperforms the PC/EC/FEC carbonate-based electrolyte in terms of electrode capacity, rate capability, and cyclic stability. This work indicates that the electrode sodiation/desodiation performance remarkably depends on the electrolyte composition, which should be optimized for various application demands and operation temperatures of batteries.
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