Journal
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOTRAUMATOLOGY
Volume 8, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2017.1353383
Keywords
Burden of illness; disorder prevalence and persistence; epidemiology; post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); trauma exposure
Categories
Funding
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) [R01 MH070884, R01 MH093612-01, U01-MH60220]
- John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
- Pfizer Foundation
- US Public Health Service [R13-MH066849, R01-MH069864, R01 DA016558]
- Fogarty International Center [FIRCA R03-TW006481]
- Pan American Health Organization
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical, Inc.
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Bristol-Myers Squibb
- Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing
- State of Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) Thematic Project Grant [03/00204-3]
- Ministry of Health
- National Center for Public Health Protection
- Ministry of Social Protection
- Center for Excellence on Research in Mental Health (CES University)
- Secretary of Health of Medellin
- European Commission [QLG5-1999-01042, SANCO 2004123, EAHC 20081308]
- Piedmont Region (Italy)
- Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain [FIS 00/0028]
- Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Spain [SAF 2000-158-CE]
- Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III [CIBER CB06/02/0046, RETICS RD06/0011 REM-TAP]
- Israel National Institute for Health Policy and Health Services Research
- National Insurance Institute of Israel
- Grant for Research on Psychiatric and Neurological Diseases and Mental Health from the Japan Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare [H13-SHOGAI-023, H14-TOKUBETSU-026, H16-KOKORO-013]
- Lebanese Ministry of Public Health
- WHO (Lebanon)
- National Institute of Health/Fogarty International Center [R03 TW006481-01]
- Algorithm
- AstraZeneca
- Benta
- Bella Pharma
- Eli Lilly
- Lundbeck
- Novartis
- Servier
- OmniPharma
- Phenicia
- Pfizer
- UPO
- National Institute of Psychiatry Ramon de la Fuente [INPRFMDIES 4280]
- National Council on Science and Technology [CONACyT-G30544- H]
- New Zealand Ministry of Health
- Alcohol Advisory Council
- Health Research Council
- Health & Social Care Research & Development Division of the Public Health Agency
- National Institute of Health of the Ministry of Health of Peru
- Champalimaud Foundation
- Gulbenkian Foundation
- Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)
- Ministry of Public Health
- US National Institute of Mental Health [R01-MH059575, RO1-MH61905]
- National Institute of Drug Abuse
- South African Department of Health
- University of Michigan
- Regional Health Authority of Murcia (Servicio Murciano de Salud)
- Regional Health Authority of Murcia (Consejeria de Sanidad y Politica Social)
- Fundacion para la Formacion e Investigacion Sanitarias (FFIS) of Murcia
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) [044708]
- John W. Alden Trust
- Medical Research Council of South Africa (MRC)
- (Mexican) National Council of Science and Technology [CB-2010-01-155221]
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [03/00204-3] Funding Source: FAPESP
Ask authors/readers for more resources
Background: Although post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) onset-persistence is thought to vary significantly by trauma type, most epidemiological surveys are incapable of assessing this because they evaluate lifetime PTSD only for traumas nominated by respondents as their 'worst.' Objective: To review research on associations of trauma type with PTSD in the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) surveys, a series of epidemiological surveys that obtained representative data on trauma-specific PTSD. Method: WMH Surveys in 24 countries (n = 68,894) assessed 29 lifetime traumas and evaluated PTSD twice for each respondent: once for the 'worst' lifetime trauma and separately for a randomly-selected trauma with weighting to adjust for individual differences in trauma exposures. PTSD onset-persistence was evaluated with the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Results: In total, 70.4% of respondents experienced lifetime traumas, with exposure averaging 3.2 traumas per capita. Substantial between-trauma differences were found in PTSD onset but less in persistence. Traumas involving interpersonal violence had highest risk. Burden of PTSD, determined by multiplying trauma prevalence by trauma-specific PTSD risk and persistence, was 77.7 person-years/100 respondents. The trauma types with highest proportions of this burden were rape (13.1%), other sexual assault (15.1%), being stalked (9.8%), and unexpected death of a loved one (11.6%). The first three of these four represent relatively uncommon traumas with high PTSD risk and the last a very common trauma with low PTSD risk. The broad category of intimate partner sexual violence accounted for nearly 42.7% of all person-years with PTSD. Prior trauma history predicted both future trauma exposure and future PTSD risk. Conclusions: Trauma exposure is common throughout the world, unequally distributed, and differential across trauma types with respect to PTSD risk. Although a substantial minority of PTSD cases remits within months after onset, mean symptom duration is considerably longer than previously recognized.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available