Journal
HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
Volume 21, Issue 1, Pages 23-41Publisher
COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
DOI: 10.5194/hess-21-23-2017
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Funding
- research project Effects of climate change on high-altitude ecosystems: monitoring the Upper Match Valley (Foundation of the Free University of Bozen-Bolzano) - Autonomous Province of Bozen-Bolzano
- research project EMERGE: Retreating glaciers and emerging ecosystems in the southern Alps (Dr. Erich Ritterund Dr. Herzog-Sellenberg-Stiftung im Stifterverband fur die Deutsche Wissenschaft) - Autonomous Province of Bozen-Bolzano
- project HydroAlp - Autonomous Province of Bozen-Bolzano
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Multiple water sources and the physiographic heterogeneity of glacierized catchments hamper a complete conceptualization of runoff response to meltwater dynamics. In this study, we used environmental tracers (stable isotopes of water and electrical conductivity) to obtain new insight into the hydrology of glacierized catchments, using the Saldur River catchment, Italian Alps, as a pilot site. We analysed the controls on the spatial and temporal patterns of the tracer signature in the main stream, its selected tributaries, shallow groundwater, snowmelt and glacier melt over a 3-year period. We found that stream water electrical conductivity and isotopic composition showed consistent patterns in snowmelt-dominated periods, whereas the streamflow contribution of glacier melt altered the correlations between the two tracers. By applying two-and three-component mixing models, we quantified the seasonally variable proportion of groundwater, snowmelt and glacier melt at different locations along the stream. We provided four model scenarios based on different tracer signatures of the end-members; the highest contributions of snowmelt to streamflow occurred in late spring-early summer and ranged between 70 and 79 %, according to different scenarios, whereas the largest inputs by glacier melt were observed in mid-summer, and ranged between 57 and 69 %. In addition to the identification of the main sources of uncertainty, we demonstrated how a careful sampling design is critical in order to avoid underestimation of the meltwater component in streamflow. The results of this study supported the development of a conceptual model of streamflow response to meltwater dynamics in the Saldur catchment, which is likely valid for other glacierized catchments worldwide.
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