Journal
DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 67, Issue -, Pages 377-384Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.08.014
Keywords
Fish; Macrophages; Interleukin-4/13; Gene expression; Arginase activity; Nitric oxide
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Funding
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC) [RGPIN-2014-06395]
- NSERC PGS-D doctoral scholarship
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We report on the expression analysis and functional characterization of IL-4/13A and IL-4/13B in goldfish. Quantitative analysis indicated the highest expression in the heart, spleen, brain, and kidney, with comparable expression patterns for both IL-4/13A and IL-4/13B. The mRNA levels of IL-4/13A and IL-4/13B in the immune cells examined were highest in macrophage and monocytes. Assessment of spleen mRNA following infection with Trypanosoma carassii, a prominent protozoan pathogen of fish, revealed decrease in IL-4/13B and arginase expression 14 days post infection, followed by an increase in IL-4/13B and arginase-2 at 28 days post infection. Recombinant forms of IL-4/13A and IL-4/13B induced an increase in arginase activity in macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. Recombinant IL-4/13A and IL-4/13B also induced significant increase in mRNA levels of arginase 2 in macrophages at 6, 12, 18 and 24 h after treatment. Furthermore, treatment with both IL-4/13 recombinants interfered with the IFN gamma-induced nitric oxide response of macrophages. Our results suggest a conserved role of IL-4/IL-13 in induction of alternative activation phenotype in teleost macrophages. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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