Journal
CURRENT OPINION IN CLINICAL NUTRITION AND METABOLIC CARE
Volume 20, Issue 1, Pages 92-98Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000340
Keywords
exercise performance; l-arginine; l-citrulline; vascular function; watermelon
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Purpose of reviewl-Citrulline, either synthetic or in watermelon, may improve vascular function through increased l-arginine bioavailability and nitric oxide synthesis. This article analyses potential vascular benefits of l-citrulline and watermelon supplementation at rest and during exercise.Recent findingsThere is clear evidence that acute l-citrulline ingestion increases plasma l-arginine, the substrate for endothelial nitric oxide synthesis. However, the subsequent acute improvement in nitric oxide production and mediated vasodilation is inconsistent, which likely explains the inability of acute l-citrulline or watermelon to improve exercise tolerance. Recent studies have shown that chronic l-citrulline supplementation increases nitric oxide synthesis, decreases blood pressure, and may increase peripheral blood flow. These changes are paralleled by improvements in skeletal muscle oxygenation and performance during endurance exercise. The antihypertensive effect of l-citrulline/watermelon supplementation is evident in adults with prehypertension or hypertension, but not in normotensives. However, l-citrulline supplementation may attenuate the blood pressure response to exercise in normotensive men.SummaryThe beneficial vascular effects of l-citrulline/watermelon supplementation may stem from improvements in the l-arginine/nitric oxide pathway. Reductions in resting blood pressure with l-citrulline/watermelon supplementation may have major implications for individuals with prehypertension and hypertension. l-Citrulline supplementation, but not acute ingestion, have shown to improve exercise performance in young healthy adults.
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