Journal
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
Volume 105, Issue -, Pages 27-39Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2016.11.007
Keywords
Strain ZSY-1; Volatile organic compounds; A. solani; B. cinerea; Antifungal activity
Categories
Funding
- R&D Infrastructure and Facility Development Program of Shanxi Province, China [2014091003-0102]
- Transformation Fund for Agricultural Science and Technology Achievements
- Shanxi Province, China [SCZZNCGZH201304]
- Shanxi Agriculture University Research Fund [201221]
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Soil microbes can release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that influence plant growth and pathogen resistance. Screening these microbial VOCs for their antifungal activity is a new strategy for developing biopesticides. However, the ability of endophytic bacteria to synthesize VOCs is understudied. Here, we characterized VOCs produced by Bacillus velezensis ZSY-1, and tested their antifungal activity against plant pathogenic fungi. Strain ZSY-1, isolated from Chinese catalpa, was identified as B. velezensis, based on sequences of its 16S rRNA, gyrA, and gyrB genes. Bioassay of VOCs from ZSY-1 was conducted using the two-sealed base-plates method. Volatile organic compounds from ZSY-1 exhibited significant antifungal activity against Alternaria solani, Botrytis cinerea, Valsa mali, Monilinia fructicola, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. capsicum, and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum; the inhibition rates were 81.1%, 93.8%, 83.2%, 80.9%, 76.7%, and 70.6%, respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of solid phase microextraction samples (SPME-GC-MS) revealed 29 unique VOCs released by strain ZSY-1. Among these compounds, 2-tridecanone, pyrazine (2,5-dimethyl), benzothiazole, and phenol (4-chloro-3-methyl) had much higher peak areas than the main compound types. However, the most common VOC types were ketones (seven unique compounds), alcohols (six), and alkanes (six). Pyrazine (2,5-dimethyl), benzothiazole, 4-chloro-3methyl, and phenol-2,4-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl) had significant antifungal activity against A. solani and B. cinerea. In fact, we report for the first time that phenol (4-chloro-3-methyl) synthesized by B. velezensis can inhibit the growth of plant pathogenic fungi. Based on our study of antifungal activity, pyrazine (2,5-dimethyl), benzothiazole, phenol (4-chloro-3-methyl), and phenol-2,4-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl) are promising bioagents for controlling tomato fungal diseases such as early blight and grey mold. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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