Journal
ARCHIVES OF ORAL BIOLOGY
Volume 73, Issue -, Pages 79-87Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.09.008
Keywords
Arginine; Prebiotic; Oral ecology; Microbiome
Categories
Funding
- Colgate-Palmolive Company
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Objective: Bacterial metabolism of arginine in the oral cavity has a pH-raising and thus, potential anti caries effect. However, the influence of arginine on the oral microbial ecosystem remains largely unresolved. Design: In this pilot study, nine healthy individuals used toothpaste containing 8% arginine for eight weeks. Saliva was collected to determine arginolytic potential and sucrose metabolic activity at the Baseline, Week 4, Week 8 and after a two weeks Wash-out period. To follow the effects on microbial ecology, 16S rDNA sequencing on saliva and plaque samples at Baseline and Week 8 and metagenome sequencing on selected saliva samples of the same time-points was performed. Results: During the study period, the arginolytic potential of saliva increased, while the sucrose metabolism in saliva decreased. These effects were reversed during the Wash-out period. Although a few operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in plaque changed in abundance during the study period, there was no real shift in the plaque microbiome. In the saliva microbiome there was a significant compositional shift, specifically the genus Veillonella had increased significantly in abundance at Week 8. Conclusion: Indeed, the presence of arginine in toothpaste affects the arginolytic capacity of saliva and reduces its sucrose metabolic activity. Additionally, it leads to a shift in the salivary microbiome composition towards a healthy ecology from a caries point of view. Therefore, arginine can be regarded as a genuine oral prebiotic. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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