Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY
Volume 102, Issue 8, Pages 1342-1355Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1500160
Keywords
cryptic refugium; glacial refugium; landscape genetics; long-distance dispersal; phylogeography; Pinaceae; Pinus monticola; Pinus strobus; population structure; postglacial colonization
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Funding
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) grants
- Fonds quebecois de la recherche sur la nature et les technologies (FQRNT) grant
- Genome R&D Initiative and Adaptation to Climate Change funds grant
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PREMISES OF THE STUDY: Understanding the influence of recent glacial and postglacial periods on species' distributions is key for predicting the effects of future environmental changes. We investigated the influence of two physiographic landscapes on population structure and postglacial colonization of two white pine species of contrasting habitats: P. monticola, which occurs in the highly mountainous region of western North America, and P. strobus, which occurs in a much less mountainous area in eastern North America. METHODS: To characterize the patterns of genetic diversity and population structure across the ranges of both species, 158 and 153 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers derived from expressed genes were genotyped on range-wide samples of 61 P. monticola and 133 P. strobus populations, respectively. KEY RESULTS: In P. monticola, a steep latitudinal decrease in genetic diversity likely resulted from postglacial colonization involving rare long-distance dispersal (LDD) events. In contrast, no geographic patterns of diversity were detected in P. strobus, suggesting recolonization via a gradually advancing front or frequent LDD events. For each species, STRUCTURE analyses identified two distinct southern and northern genetic groups that likely originated from two different glacial lineages. At a finer scale, and for the two species, smaller subgroups were detected that could be remnants of cryptic refugia. CONCLUSION: During postglacial colonization, the western and eastern North American landscapes had different impacts on genetic signatures in P. monticola compared with P. strobus. We discuss the importance of our findings for conservation programs and predictions of species' response to climate change.
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