Journal
GENOME BIOLOGY
Volume 18, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
BMC
DOI: 10.1186/s13059-016-1131-9
Keywords
Epigenome-and transcriptome-wide association studies; Bias; Inflation; Empirical null distribution; Gibbs sampler; Meta-analysis
Funding
- BBMRI-NL
- Dutch government [NWO 184.021.007]
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We show that epigenome-and transcriptome-wide association studies (EWAS and TWAS) are prone to significant inflation and bias of test statistics, an unrecognized phenomenon introducing spurious findings if left unaddressed. Neither GWAS-based methodology nor state-of-the-art confounder adjustment methods completely remove bias and inflation. We propose a Bayesian method to control bias and inflation in EWAS and TWAS based on estimation of the empirical null distribution. Using simulations and real data, we demonstrate that our method maximizes power while properly controlling the false positive rate. We illustrate the utility of our method in large-scale EWAS and TWAS meta-analyses of age and smoking.
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