Journal
AMBIO
Volume 46, Issue -, Pages S160-S173Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s13280-016-0870-x
Keywords
Alaska Toolik; Climate change; Ecological effects; Greenland Zackenberg; Medium pass filter; Vegetation
Categories
Funding
- NSF [DEB 0207150, DEB 1026843, ARC 1107701, ARC 1504006]
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Division Of Environmental Biology [1026843] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Directorate For Geosciences
- Office of Polar Programs (OPP) [1504006, 1432982, 1504381] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Environmental Biology
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1347042] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Long-term measurements of ecological effects of warming are often not statistically significant because of annual variability or signal noise. These are reduced in indicators that filter or reduce the noise around the signal and allow effects of climate warming to emerge. In this way, certain indicators act as medium pass filters integrating the signal over years-to-decades. In the Alaskan Arctic, the 25-year record of warming of air temperature revealed no significant trend, yet environmental and ecological changes prove that warming is affecting the ecosystem. The useful indicators are deep permafrost temperatures, vegetation and shrub biomass, satellite measures of canopy reflectance (NDVI), and chemical measures of soil weathering. In contrast, the 18-year record in the Greenland Arctic revealed an extremely high summer air-warming of 1.3 degrees C/decade; the cover of some plant species increased while the cover of others decreased. Useful indicators of change are NDVI and the active layer thickness.
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