4.6 Article

Stratification of Diversity and Activity of Methanogenic and Methanotrophic Microorganisms in a Nitrogen-Fertilized Italian Paddy Soil

Journal

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 8, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02127

Keywords

anaerobic oxidation of methane; paddy fields; 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing; Methanoperedens nitroreducens; NC10 phylum bacteria; Bathyarchaeota

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Funding

  1. Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research [VENI 863.13.007]
  2. European Research Council [ERC AG 339880 Eco_MoM, 024002002, 024002001 NESSC]
  3. Spinoza prize

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Paddy fields are important ecosystems, as rice is the primary food source for about half of the world's population. Paddy fields are impacted by nitrogen fertilization and are a major anthropogenic source of methane. Microbial diversity and methane metabolism were investigated in the upper 60 cm of a paddy soil by qPCR, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and anoxic C-13-CH4 turnover with a suite of electron acceptors. The bacterial community consisted mainly of Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Actinobacteria. Among archaea, Euryarchaeota and Bathyarchaeota dominated over Thaumarchaeota in the upper 30 cm of the soil. Bathyarchaeota constituted up to 45% of the total archaeal reads in the top 5 cm. In the methanogenic community, Methanosaeta were generally more abundant than the versatile Methanosarcina. The measured maximum methane production rate was 444 nmol g(dw)h(-1), and the maximum rates of nitrate-, nitrite-, and iron-dependent anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) were 57 nmol, 55 nmol, and 56 nmol g(dw)h(-1), respectively, at different depths. qPCR revealed a higher abundance of 'Candidatus Methanoperedens nitroreducens' than methanotrophic NC10 phylum bacteria at all depths, except at 60 cm. These results demonstrate that there is substantial potential for AOM in fertilized paddy fields, with 'Candidatus Methanoperedens nitroreducens' archaea as a potential important contributor.

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