Journal
GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
Volume 10, Issue 2, Pages 571-583Publisher
COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
DOI: 10.5194/gmd-10-571-2017
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Funding
- NERC ACE Africa
- NERC Independent Research Fellowship [NE/N014057/1]
- Research Council of Norway [261821]
- US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
- Program for Risk Information on Climate Change from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan
- Environment Research and Technology Development Fund of the Ministry of the Environment of Japan [S-10]
- German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety [11_II_093_Global_A_SIDS, LDCs]
- UK Natural Environment Research Council [NE/L010976/1]
- NERC [NE/L010976/1, ncas10005, ncas10008, bas0100033] Funding Source: UKRI
- Natural Environment Research Council [ncas10008, bas0100033, NE/L010976/1, ncas10005, ncas10009] Funding Source: researchfish
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The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has accepted the invitation from the UNFCCC to provide a special report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 degrees C above pre-industrial levels and on related global greenhouse-gas emission pathways. Many current experiments in, for example, the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP), are not specifically designed for informing this report. Here, we document the design of the half a degree additional warming, projections, prognosis and impacts (HAPPI) experiment. HAPPI provides a framework for the generation of climate data describing how the climate, and in particular extreme weather, might differ from the present day in worlds that are 1.5 and 2.0 degrees C warmer than pre-industrial conditions. Output from participating climate models includes variables frequently used by a range of impact models. The key challenge is to separate the impact of an additional approximately half degree of warming from uncertainty in climate model responses and internal climate variability that dominate CMIP-style experiments under low-emission scenarios. Large ensembles of simulations (> 50 members) of atmosphere-only models for three time slices are proposed, each a decade in length: the first being the most recent observed 10-year period (2006-2015), the second two being estimates of a similar decade but under 1.5 and 2 degrees C conditions a century in the future. We use the representative concentration pathway 2.6 (RCP2.6) to provide the model boundary conditions for the 1.5 degrees C scenario, and a weighted combination of RCP2.6 and RCP4.5 for the 2 degrees C scenario.
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