Journal
EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH
Volume 235, Issue 10, Pages 3081-3092Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00221-017-5048-7
Keywords
Tyrosine hydroxylase; Substantia nigra; Striatum; Macaque monkeys; Behaviour; 670 nm
Categories
Funding
- Michael J. Fox Foundation
- Credit Agricole Sud Rhones Alpes
- Fondation Philanthropique Edmond J Safra
- Fondation Avenir
- France Parkinson
- French National Research Agency (ANR Carnot Institute)
- Tenix corp
- Salteri family
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In this study, we explored the effects of a longer term application, up to 12 weeks, of photobiomodulation in normal, na < ve macaque monkeys. Monkeys (n = 5) were implanted intracranially with an optical fibre device delivering photobiomodulation (red light, 670 nm) to a midline midbrain region. Animals were then aldehyde-fixed and their brains were processed for immunohistochemistry. In general, our results showed that longer term intracranial application of photobiomodulation had no adverse effects on the surrounding brain parenchyma or on the nearby dopaminergic cell system. We found no evidence for photobiomodulation generating an inflammatory glial response or neuronal degeneration near the implant site; further, photobiomodulation did not induce an abnormal activation or mitochondrial stress in nearby cells, nor did it cause an abnormal arrangement of the surrounding vasculature (endothelial basement membrane). Finally, because of our interest in Parkinson's disease, we noted that photobiomodulation had no impact on the number of midbrain dopaminergic cells and the density of their terminations in the striatum. In summary, we found no histological basis for any major biosafety concerns associated with photobiomodulation delivered by our intracranial approach and our findings set a key template for progress onto clinical trial on patients with Parkinson's disease.
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