Investigation of salt removal using cyclopentane hydrate formation and washing treatment for seawater desalination

Salt removal via formation of gas hydrate was investigated by experimental measurement of the salt concentration in filtered water and water retrieved from hydrate crystals. Gas hydrate formation was carried out at 277.15 K, using seawater of 3.4 wt salinity and 3 mol% cyclopentane to water-cyclopentane mixture. Single stage hydrate formation followed by filtration removed 63% of the salt ions. Successive washing treatment with 274.15 and 277.15 K freshwater was applied with different amounts of washing water, and several major cations and anions in seawater were analyzed in each treatment step. Ions having larger radii showed less salt removal by hydrate formation, and salt removal decreased as the conversion of water to hydrate progressed. However, salt removal was improved by washing treatment to nearly the same degree regardless of the kind of salt ions and the salt removal efficiency improved up to 42% more than that of filtration only. The results presented in this study can be used as basic design values for the development of a hydrate-based desalination process. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V.