Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 9, Issue 7, Pages 6000-6006Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14437
Keywords
cycling stability; dendrite formation; electrolyte decomposition; free-standing composite protective layer; sodium metal electrode
Funding
- National Research Foundation of Korea - Korean Government (MEST) [NRF-2014R1A1A2056199]
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Owing to the natural abundance of sodium resources and their low price, next-generation batteries employing an Na metal anode, such as Na-O-2 and Na-S systems, have attracted a great deal of interest. However, the poor reversibility of an Na metal electrode during repeated electrochemical plating and stripping is a major obstacle to realizing rechargeable sodium metal batteries. It mainly originates from Na dendrite formation and exhaustive electrolyte decomposition due to the high reactivity of Na metal. Herein, we report a free-standing composite protective layer (FCPL) for enhancing the reversibility of an Na metal electrode by mechanically suppressing Na dendritic growth and mitigating the electrolyte decomposition. A systematic variation of the liquid electrolyte uptake of FCPL verifies the existence of a critical shear modulus for suppressing Na dendrite growth, being in good agreement with a linear elastic theory, and emphasizes the importance of the ionic conductivity of FCPL for attaining uniform Na plating and stripping. The Na Na symmetric cell with an optimized FCPL exhibits a cycle life two times longer than that of a bare Na electrode.
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