Journal
POINT OF CARE
Volume 16, Issue 1, Pages 37-40Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1097/POC.0000000000000125
Keywords
Type 1 diabetes; hemoglobin A1c; C-peptide; point-of-care; self-monitoring blood glucose; continuous glucose monitoring; insulin
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Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a disorder of glucose regulation characterized by autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing pancreatic beta-cells and the need for lifelong insulin replacement therapy. Both glucose and HbA1c criteria are available for the diagnosis of diabetes. Achieving and maintaining near-normal blood glucose concentrations with appropriate administration of insulin is critical for successful long-term care of patients with diabetes mellitus and prevention of diabetic complications, but it is very difficult to achieve. Efforts to intensify therapy usually result in hypoglycemia. Point-of-care blood glucose testing provides the information needed by patients for clinical decision-making. Despite the ease of use and rapid reporting of modern point-of-care glucose monitoring devices, they provide measurements only intermittently. Continuous glucose monitoring devices can provide new glucose measurements every 5 minutes and may facilitate better glucose control. The development of new technologies that integrate continuous glucose monitoring technology with insulin pumps and a control algorithm to create a system for automated insulin delivery has the potential to significantly improve glycemic control, reduce hypoglycemia, and reduce the burden of care in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
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