Tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells are negatively regulated by PD-1 and Tim-3 in human gastric cancer

Cytotoxic CD8 T lymphocytes that are present in tumors and capable of recognizing tumor epitopes are nevertheless generally important in eliciting tumor rejection. NY-ESO-1 is a major target of CD8(+) T cell recognition in gastric cancer (GC) and is among the most immunogenic tumor antigens defined to date. Thus, identifying the immune escape mechanisms responsible for inducing tumor-specific CD8(+) T cell dysfunction may reveal effective strategies for immunotherapy. In an effort to understand in vivo tolerance mechanisms, we assessed the phenotype and function of NY-ESO-1-specific CD8(+) T cells derived from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and tumor-associated lymphocytes (TALs) of GC patients. Here, we report that Tim-3 expression defines a subpopulation of PD-1(+) exhausted NY-ESO-1-specific CD8(+) T cell and PD-1(+)Tim-3(+) CD8(+) T cells represented the largest subset of NY-ESO-1-specific CD8(+) T cells in GC patients. Functionally, CD8(+)PD-1(+)Tim-3(+) T cells were more impaired in IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-2 production compared with PD-1(+)Tim-3(-) or PD-1(-)Tim-3(-) subsets. Dual blockade of Tim-3 and PD-1 during T-cell priming efficiently augmented proliferation and cytokine production by NY-ESO-1-specific CD8(+) T cells could potentially be improved by therapeutic targeting of these inhibitory receptors, indicating that antitumor function of NY-ESO-1-specific CD8(+) T cells could potentially be improved by therapeutic targeting of these inhibitory receptors. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.